Interview questions for tunnel design engineer

Tunnel Engineers oversee tunnel engineering projects from the initial design phase through to the final construction.
When interviewing tunnel engineers, suitable candidates will have extensive experience with civil engineering and tunnel design. Be wary of candidates with poor communication skills and those with limited on-site experience.

1. What is the difference between network gateway and a firewall?

A network gateway joins two networks together and a network firewall protects a computer network against unauthorized incoming or outgoing access. Network firewalls may be hardware devices or software programs.

2. Explain French Roads?

The next major development in the road construction occurred during the regime of Napoleon. The significant contributions were given by Tresaguet in 1764 and a typical cross section of this road is given in Figure 1. He developed a cheaper method of construction than the lavish and locally unsuccessful revival of Roman practice.
The pavement used 200 mm pieces of quarried stone of a more compact form and shaped such that they had at least one flat side which was placed on a compact formation. Smaller pieces of broken stones were then compacted into the spaces between larger stones to provide a level surface. Finally the running layer was made with a layer of 25 mm sized broken stone. All this structure was placed in a trench in order to keep the running surface level with the surrounding country side.

3. What is a transparent firewall?

A transparent firewall is considered as Layer 2. Deploying a new firewall into a network can be a complicated process due to various issues (e.g. IP address reconfiguration, network topology
changes, current firewall etc.) because the firewall is not a routed hop and you can easily introduce a transparent firewall into an existing network.

4.What is packet filtering?

Packet filtering is the process of permitting or blocking ip packets based on source and destination addresses, ports, or protocols. The packet filter examines the header of each packet based
on a specific set of rules, and on that basis, decides to prevent it from passing or allow. Packet filtering is also part of a firewall program for protecting a local network from unwanted access.

5. Explain The Highway Planning In India?

Highway planning in India : Excavations in the sites of Indus valley, Mohenjo-dero and Harappan civilizations revealed the existence of planned roads in India as old as 2500-3500 BC. The Mauryan kings also built very good roads. Ancient books like Arthashastra written by Kautilya, a great administrator of the Mauryan times, contained rules for regulating traffic, depths of roads for various purposes, and punishments for obstructing traffic.
During the time of Mughal period, roads in India were greatly improved. Roads linking North-West and the Eastern areas through gangetic plains were built during this time.
After the fall of the Mughals and at the beginning of British rule, many existing roads were improved. The construction of Grand-Trunk road connecting North and South is a major contribution of the British. However, the focus was later shifted to railways, except for feeder roads to important stations.

6. Define stateful inspection?

Stateful inspection is known as dynamic packet filtering and is a firewall technology that monitors the state of active connections and uses this information to determine which network packets
are allowed through the firewall. Stateful inspection analyses packets down to the application layer

7. What is the Public Key Encryption?

Public key encryption uses public and private key for encryption and decryption. In this mechanism, public key is used to encrypt messages and only the corresponding private key can be
used to decrypt them. To encrypt a message, a sender has to know the recipient’s public key.

8. Explain The Highway Planning In India?

Highway planning in India : Excavations in the sites of Indus valley, Mohenjo-dero and Harappan civilizations revealed the existence of planned roads in India as old as 2500-3500 BC. The Mauryan kings also built very good roads. Ancient books like Arthashastra written by Kautilya, a great administrator of the Mauryan times, contained rules for regulating traffic, depths of roads for various purposes, and punishments for obstructing traffic.
During the time of Mughal period, roads in India were greatly improved. Roads linking North-West and the Eastern areas through gangetic plains were built during this time.
After the fall of the Mughals and at the beginning of British rule, many existing roads were improved. The construction of Grand-Trunk road connecting North and South is a major contribution of the British. However, the focus was later shifted to railways, except for feeder roads to important stations.

9. What is Authorization?

Authorization is a security mechanism used to determine user/client privileges or access levels related to network resources, including firewalls, routers, switches and application features.
Authorization is normally preceded by authentication and during authorization. It’s system that verifies an authenticated user’s access rules and either grants or refuses resource access.

10. What Is The Sequence Of Four Stages Of Survey In A Highway Alignment?

o map study
o reconnaissance
o prelimi¬nary survey
o detailed survey

11. What Is The Effect Of Grade On Safe Overtaking Sight Distance?

To increase it on both descending and ascending grades.

12. What Are The Types Of Lan Cables Used? What Is A Cross Cable?

Types of LAN cables that are in use are “Cat 5” and “Cat 6”. “Cat 5” can support 100 Mbps of speed and “CAT 6” can support 1Gbps of speed.
Cross cable: Its used to connect same type of devices without using a switch/hub so that they can communicate.

13. What Is The Difference Between A Normal Lan Cable And Cross Cable? What Could Be The Maximum Length Of The Lan Cable?

The way the paired wires are connected to the connector (RJ45) is different in cross cable and normal LAN cable.
The theoritical length is 100 meters but after 80 meters you may see drop in speed due to loss of signal.

14. What is stateful failover?

Every time a session is created for a flow of traffic on the primary node, it is synced to the secondary node. When the primary node fails, sessions continue to pass traffic through the secondary node without having to re-establish.

15. What is Site to Site and remote access VPN?

A site-to-site VPN allows offices in multiple locations to establish secure connections with each other over a public network such as the Internet. Site-to-site VPN is different from remote-access VPN as it eliminates the need for each computer to run VPN client software as if it were on a remote-access VPN.