Interview questions for Laravel

1. What is the latest version of Laravel?

Laravel 8 is the latest version of Laravel. It was officially released on 11 Sep 2020. Laravel 8 has made with new features like Laravel Jetstream, Migration Squashing, Model Factory classes, Tailwind CSS (Used for Pagination Views), and usability improvements.

2. What are the best features of Laravel 8?

Laravel 8 was released with the new features. The best features of Laravel 8 are as follows –
• app/Models Directory
• New Landing Page
• Route Caching
• Maintenance Mode
• Job Batching
• Laravel Jetstream
• Controllers Routing Namespacing
• Better Syntax for Event Listening
• Queueable Anonymous Event Listeners
• Attributes on Extended Blade Components.

3. Write down the name of some aggregates methods provided by the Laravel’s query builder?
Some of the methods that Query Builder provides are:
o count()
o max()
o min()
o avg()
o sum()

4. What is Laravel?

Laravel is a free open source “PHP framework” based on the MVC design pattern.
It is created by Taylor Otwell. Laravel provides expressive and elegant syntax that helps in creating a wonderful web application easily and quickly.

5. What is routing?

All Laravel routes are defined in route files, which are stored in the routes directory. These files are loaded by the MVC framework. The routes/web.php files define routes that are available for the web interface. Those routes are allotted as the web middleware group, which provide features such as session state and CSRF protection. The routes available inroutes/api.php are stateless and are allotted as the API middleware group. For most of the applications, one should start by defining routes in routes/web.php file.

6. Explain Events in laravel ?

An event is an action or occurrence recognized by a program that may be handled by the program or code. Laravel events provides a simple observer implementation, that allowing you to subscribe and listen for various events/actions that occur in your application.
All Event classes are generally stored in the app/Events directory, while their listeners are stored in app/Listeners of your application.

7. What is Query Builder in Laravel?

Laravel’s Query Builder provides more direct access to the database, alternative to the Eloquent ORM. It doesn’t require SQL queries to be written directly. Instead, it offers a set of classes and methods which are capable of building queries programmatically. It also allows specific caching of the results of the executed queries.

8. Explain validations in laravel?

In Programming validations are a handy way to ensure that your data is always in a clean and expected format before it gets into your database.
Laravel provides several different ways to validate your application incoming data.By default Laravel’s base controller class uses aValidatesRequests trait which provides a convenient method to validate all incoming HTTP requests coming from client.You can also validate data in laravel by creating Form Request.
Laravel validation Example
$validatedData = $request->validate([
‘name’ => ‘required|max:255’,
‘username’ => ‘required|alpha_num’,
‘age’ => ‘required|numeric’,
]);

9. What do you understand by Eloquent ORM?

Eloquent ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) is one of the main features of the Laravel framework. It may be defined as an advanced PHP implementation of the active record pattern.
Active record pattern is an architectural pattern which is found in software. It is responsible for keeping in-memory object data in relational databases
Eloquent ORM is also responsible for providing the internal methods at the same time when enforcing constraints on the relationship between database objects. Eloquent ORM represents database tables as classes, with their object instances tied to single table rows, while following the active record pattern.

10. What do you know about Service providers in Laravel?

Service providers can be defined as the central place to configure all the entire Laravel applications. Applications, as well as Laravel’s core services, are bootstrapped via service providers. These are powerful tools for maintaining class dependencies and performing dependency injection. Service providers also instruct Laravel to bind various components into the Laravel’s Service Container.
An artisan command is given here which can be used to generate a service provider:
1. php artisan make: provider ClientsServiceProvider
Almost, all the service providers extend the Illuminate\Support\ServiceProviderclass. Most of the service providers contain below-listed functions in its file:
o Register() Function
o Boot() Function
Within the Register() method, one should only bind things into the service container. One should never attempt to register any event listeners, routes, or any other piece of functionality within the Register() method.

11. What is a Controller?

A controller is the “C” in the “MVC” (Model-View-Controller) architecture, which is what Laravel is based on.

12. What is database migration. How to create migration via artisan ?

Migrations are like version control for your database, that’s allow your team to easily modify and share the application’s database schema. Migrations are typically paired with Laravel’s schema builder to easily build your application’s database schema.
Use below commands to create migration data via artisan.
// creating Migration
php artisan make:migration create_users_table

13. Explain reverse routing in Laravel?

Reverse routing is a method of generating URL based on symbol or name. It makes your Laravel application flexible.

14. Explain Laravel’s service container ?

One of the most powerful feature of Laravel is its Service Container. It is a powerful tool for resolving class dependencies and performing dependency injection in Laravel.
Dependency injection is a fancy phrase that essentially means class dependencies are “injected” into the class via the constructor or, in some cases, “setter” methods.

15. How will you explain Events in Laravel?

An event is an activity or occurrence recognized and handled by the program. Events in Laravel provide simple observer implementations which allow us to subscribe and listen for events within our application. The event classes are stored in app/Events, while their listeners are stored in app/Listeners of our application. These can be generated using Artisan console commands. A single event may contain multiple listeners that do not depend on each other.
There are some events examples in Laravel which are:
o A new user is registered.
o A new comment is posted.
o User login/logout.
o A new product is added.

16. Explain traits in Laravel?

Laravel traits are a group of functions that you include within another class. A trait is like an abstract class. You cannot instantiate directly, but its methods can be used in concreate class.

17. Explain the concept of contracts in Laravel?

They are set of interfaces of Laravel framework. These contracts provide core services. Contracts defined in Laravel include corresponding implementation of framework.

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